Top-down or bottom-up?

Top-down or bottom-up?

Which is the best way of running organisations? Answer: Neither. We need both, if we want the best results and an engaged team. Top-down for direction and accountability, bottom-up for energy and resilience and adaptability. We need to keep the two in equilibrium, and...
The Swiss cheese model of success

The Swiss cheese model of success

The Swiss cheese model is central to thinking about systemic failure. The idea is that each potential factor, which, when combined, could create a condition in which an accident could occur, is like a slice of a Swiss cheese with holes in it. All the factors are...
Why help is needed

Why help is needed

W. Edwards Deming said “Help must come from outside because a system is not capable of understanding itself.” In other words, it can be hard to see the wood for the trees. This is true whether we’re talking about a single person or an organisation...